CAIDP

Japan favours non-binding AI guidance over strict regulation. It updated APPI in 2022 and leads global initiatives like G7 Hiroshima AI Process.

Malta's AI strategy emphasises ethical development with a certification programme planned. Concerns persist over AI-powered surveillance projects and privacy issues.

Netherlands launched AI plan, algorithm registry, and oversight body. Faced challenges with discriminatory algorithms. Active in international AI governance.

Saudi Arabia's NSDAI aims for top 15 in AI by 2030. The kingdom advances AI development but faces human rights and privacy concerns.

Mauritius enacted data protection laws, ratified Convention 108+, and established an AI Council. Concerns persist over surveillance and biometric data collection.

France pursues AI leadership through its national strategy, but faces tensions between innovation goals and protecting fundamental rights.